View source for Template:Transliteration/doc

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{{Redirect|Template:Transl|the template for translated text|Template:Translation}}
{{High use}}
{{COinS safe|n}}
{{Lua|Module:Lang}}
{{Template shortcut|tlit|transl|translit|xlit}}
{{Language templates}}

This template is used to mark up text '''[[transliteration|transliterated]] or [[romanisation|romanised]]''' from a non-Latin alphabet script to Latin alphabet script.

This template should only be used for the transliterations of non-Latin scripts; for non-English language text displayed in its native script (such as Greek, Cyrillic and Arabic), {{tl|lang}} should be used, which tags non-transliterated text (written in original script). Transliteration is often used alongside that template, to allow non-readers of the script to interpret the text.

This template adds a [[tooltip]] label naming the transliteration scheme, and renders text in [[italics]] by default.

It also displays text in an appropriate font; romanisations marked up in {{tl|lang}} may display in fonts designed for that language's native text, whereas the transliteration template displays text in the same font as the rest of the article.

Some languages, such as [[Chinese language|Chinese]], have more than one style of transliteration (such as [[Wade–Giles]], [[pinyin]], etc). This template can be used for these different transliteration schemes, though Wikipedia has a number of [[:Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates|language-specific templates]], some of which support more than one transliteration styles in their parameters, that may be better suited for marking up transliterations.

==Example==
The following code tags a Ukrainian name and its transliteration according to the Ukrainian National scheme.

{{markup |
<nowiki>{{lang|uk|Ярослав Рудницький}} ({{transliteration|uk|ukrainian|Yaroslav Rudnytskyi}})</nowiki>
|
{{lang|uk|Ярослав Рудницький}} ({{transliteration|uk|ukrainian|Yaroslav Rudnytskyi}})
}}

==Rationale==
This template is intended to unify all "transliteration" templates, such as {{tl|IAST}} and {{tl|ISOtranslit}}. These templates are still usable, but they just transclude or are redirected back to <nowiki>{{transl}}</nowiki>. For example, (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{IAST|saṃskṛtam}}</nowiki></code> is a shortcut for <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|sa|IAST|saṃskṛtam}}</nowiki></code>. Other transliteration templates that once existed, such as {{tl|ArabDIN}}, are now handled natively by this template: <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|ar|DIN|...}}</nowiki></code>).

This template is kept separate from {{tl|lang}} to address formatting issues (via CSS classes) and identification of transliteration schemes used. Ultimately, if these concerns are smartly addressed in the CSS file and/or in {{tl|lang}}, using <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|xx|...}}</nowiki></code> should be equivalent to using <code><nowiki>{{lang|xx-Latn|...}}</nowiki></code>.

==Usage==
There are two ways of using this template: with or without specifying the [[romanization|transliteration scheme]] used:
*two parameters, with [[ISO 639]] language code: <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|ar|al-Khwarizmi}}</nowiki></code> means that "al-Khwarizmi" is a transliteration from the Arabic in a loose or unspecified scheme.
*two parameters, with [[ISO 15924]] script code: <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|Ogam|MAQI}}</nowiki></code> means that "MAQI" transliterates an [[Ogham]] inscription without specifying the language. Potentially useful when writing systems themselves are under discussion, e.g.  <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|Cyrl|š}}</nowiki></code>, not <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|cu|š}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|ru|š}}</nowiki></code> when discussing the letter {{script|Cyrl|[[Ш]]}}.
*three parameters, with [[ISO 639]] language code: <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-Ḫawārizmī}} / {{transliteration|ar|ALA|al-Khawārizmī}}</nowiki></code> the second parameter specifies the scheme used (DIN vs. ALA).
*three parameters, with [[ISO 15924]] script code: <code><nowiki>{{transliteration|Arab|DIN|Ḫ}} vs {{transliteration|Arab|ALA|Kh}}</nowiki></code> for {{script|Arab|[[ﺥ]]}}.

There is no need to add italic markup (<code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code>) to transliteration templates. Proper nouns – the names of people and places – are typically not italicized, and as such should use {{para|italic|no}} to suppress the default italicization of Latin scripts. 

'''Note''': the language code is ISO 639 or IETF private-use tag (see [[Template:Lang#Private-use language tags]]); other forms of [[IETF BCP 47 language tag]]s are <em>not</em> supported.

===Transliteration scheme codes===
Codes for supported transliteration schemes can be seen by viewing the source of [[:Module:Lang/data]] – the {{code|translit_title_table}} data-structure lists for each such code the corresponding transliteration schemes. These may vary by language – e.g. code "ISO" means scheme [[ISO 233]] for Arabic but [[ISO 11940]] for Thai.

===Examples===
Inputting:
*<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|ar|[[al-Khwarizmi]]}} / [[DIN 31635]]: {{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-Ḫawārizmī}} / [[ISO 233]]: {{transliteration|ar|ISO|al-H̱awārizmī}}  / [[ALA-LC Romanization|ALA]]: {{transliteration|ar|ALA|al-Khawārizmī}}</syntaxhighlight>
*<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: {{transliteration|th|phasa thai}} / [[ISO 11940]]: {{transliteration|th|ISO|p̣hās̄ʹāthịy}}</syntaxhighlight>
*<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{cuneiform|[[Sumerian language|&#x12174;&#x120a0;]]}} {{transliteration|sux|EME.GIR<sub>15</sub>}} / {{cuneiform|6|[[Hittite language|𒉈𒅆𒇷]]}} {{transliteration|hit|ne-ši-li}}</syntaxhighlight>
Results in:
*{{transliteration|ar|[[al-Khwarizmi]]}} / [[DIN 31635]]: {{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-Ḫawārizmī}} / [[ISO 233]]: {{transliteration|ar|ISO|al-H̱awārizmī}}  / [[ALA-LC Romanization|ALA]]: {{transliteration|ar|ALA|al-Khawārizmī}}
* [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]]: {{transliteration|th|phasa thai}} / [[ISO 11940]]: {{transliteration|th|ISO|p̣hās̄ʹāthịy}}
*{{cuneiform|[[Sumerian language|&#x12174;&#x120a0;]]}} {{transliteration|sux|EME.GIR<sub>15</sub>}} / {{cuneiform|6|[[Hittite language|𒉈𒅆𒇷]]}} {{transliteration|hit|ne-ši-li}}

'''ISO''':
*{{lang|ru|[[Russian language|русский]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|ru|ISO|russkij}}</syntaxhighlight>:  {{transliteration|ru|ISO|russkij}}
*{{lang|ab|[[Abkhaz language|Аҧсуа]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|ab|ISO|aṗsua}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|ab|ISO|aṗsua}}
*{{lang|ar|[[Arabic| عربي ]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|ar|ISO|ʿarabī}}</syntaxhighlight>:  {{transliteration|ar|ISO|ʿarabī}}
*: ISO has huge issues transliterating {{transliteration|ar|alif}}, so it's better to use the Library of Congress transliteration, the [[DIN 31635|German Institute for Standardization]] or [[Hans Wehr transliteration]]; see [[Arabic transliteration]] and [[MOS:APOSTROPHE]]
*{{lang|ta|[[Tamil language|தமிழ் ]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|ta|ISO|tamiḻ}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|ta|ISO|tamiḻ}}
*{{lang|bn|[[Bengali language|বাংলা ]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|bn|ISO|baṅla}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|bn|ISO|baṅla}}
*{{lang|el|[[Greek language|ελληνικά ]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|el|ISO|ellēniká}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|el|ISO|ellēniká}}
*{{lang|ka|[[Georgian language|ქართული]]}}  <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|ka|ISO|k'art'uli}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|ka|ISO|k'art'uli}}
*{{lang|zh|[[Pinyin|漢語拼音]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|zh|ISO|hànyǔ pīnyīn}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|zh|ISO|hànyǔ pīnyīn}}
*{{lang|th|[[Thai language|ภาษาไทย]]}} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{transliteration|th|ISO|p̣hās̄ʹāthịy}}</syntaxhighlight>: {{transliteration|th|ISO|p̣hās̄ʹāthịy}}

==CSS==
In order to apply a style to all text marked as transliteration, use a CSS selector that chooses all text with <code>transliteration</code> in the title attribute (tooltip). For instance, if you add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.css|your common.css]], all transliterations will be colored {{color|teal}}:
<syntaxhighlight lang="CSS">
[title~=transliteration] { color: teal; }
</syntaxhighlight>

==Tracking category==
* {{clc|Transliteration template errors}}

==TemplateData==
{{templatedata header}}
<templatedata>
{
	"description": "Marks a text span transliterated from a particular language or writing system, and, optionally, according to a specific transliteration system.",
	"params": {
		"1": {
			"label": "Language or script code",
			"description": "ISO 639 language code, possibly with an ISO 15924 script code",
			"required": true,
			"type": "line",
			"example": "hi (Hindi), sr-Cyrl (Serbian written in the Cyrillic script), und-Hani (an undetermined language written with Chinese characters), mis (an unknown language)"
		},
		"2": {
			"label": "Text, OR transliteration scheme",
			"description": "Latin-alphabet transliterated text, or, optionally, transliteration scheme (e.g., bgn/pcgn) then 3rd parameter will be text",
			"type": "string",
			"required": true
		},
		"3": {
			"label": "Text",
			"description": "Latin-alphabet transliterated text (required if a transliteration scheme is entered above)",
			"required": false,
			"suggested": true,
			"type": "string"
		},
		"italics": {
			"aliases": [
				"i",
				"italic"
			],
			"label": "Italics",
			"description": "Allows for control over whether transliterated text is italicized. It is useful to disable italics in cases like proper names.",
			"type": "string",
			"suggestedvalues": [
				"yes",
				"no",
				"invert",
				"unset",
				"inherit"
			],
			"default": "inherit"
		}
	},
	"paramOrder": [
		"1",
		"2",
		"3",
		"italics"
	]
}
</templatedata>

==See also==
*{{tl|lang}}, {{tl|language}}
*{{tl|script}}
* {{tl|trans}}, {{tl|translation}}
*[[Romanization]]
*[[List of ISO transliterations]]
{{ISO 15924 script codes and related Unicode data|state=collapsed}}
<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||
[[Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates]]
[[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]]

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